You’re missing posts from the first argument in both the add_filter() and add_action(). It should follow the format of
So add_filter('manage_edit-document_columns', 'my_columns'); should be
add_filter('manage_edit-document_posts_columns', 'my_columns');
And add_action('manage_document_custom_column', 'my_custom_columns'); will read:
add_action('manage_document_posts_custom_column', 'my_custom_columns');