I found a WP ticket that says there’s currently an issue with meta_query and the ‘OR’ relation that I think is causing the issue – https://core.trac.wordpress.org/ticket/25538
As a temporary solution I’m instead filtering out all non ‘Faculty’ and ‘Staff’ members by using ‘NOT LIKE’ meta_query(s):
'meta_query' => array(
array(
'key' => 'profile_type',
'value' => 'Adjunct',
'compare' => 'NOT LIKE'
),
array(
'key' => 'profile_type',
'value' => 'Emeriti',
'compare' => 'NOT LIKE'
),
(etc...)
)