@tatof for me it weren’t the image fields but grouped cloned fields. I skipped the clone parent field ID, now I’ve also added these it works like a charm!
@tatof thank you for posting your solution! This was so helpful!
I did manage to prepopulate the fields in my repeater. But there is one thing I cannot seem to figure out: The block is not rendered untill i manually ‘touch’ one of the fields in the block. Did you also encounter this problem?