Thanks for the nudge in the right direction. I think I was just a little lost in the weeds last night. Here is what I ended up with:
add_action('wp', 'allow_subscriber_uploads');
function allow_subscriber_uploads() {
$subscriber = get_role('subscriber');
// author caps
$subscriber->add_cap('edit_published_posts');
$subscriber->add_cap('delete_posts');
$subscriber->add_cap('edit_posts');
$subscriber->add_cap('upload_files');
// editor caps
$subscriber->add_cap('edit_others_posts');
}
That allows subscribers to upload and delete media.