Is there a way to access the data of <innerBlocks /> in the parent block render template? For example, a wrapper block that contains a number of item blocks in <innerBlocks /> being able to know the number of items as well as the value of the “Label” field and the inner block’s block ID.
It’s the $content parameter in the template.
No, the information you need is in the $context argument of the render callback function.
$content contains the html of the innerBlocks.
function render_callback_function( $block, $content, $is_preview, $post_id, $context ) {
print_r($context);
}