@korndev
Try using get_field_objects() including the (user) ID, as in:
$user_meta = get_field_objects('user_' . $userID);
foreach($user_meta as $meta) :
if (strpos($meta['name'], 'user_q_') !== FALSE) { ?>
<h3><?php echo $meta['label']; ?></h3>
<div><?php echo $meta['value']; ?></div>
<?php }
endforeach;
Notice the field key is returning the field’s name prefixed with “field_” – this means ACF can’t find the actual field object for the post (but it can find the meta_value).