This does appear to be a new development in 5.7.
Another interesting thing is that if you click on “update image” in the popup and then click the back button the fields also appear.
I’m also seeing an issue with Shortcodes Ultimate that is installed on the same site.
I’m pretty sure that the first time you try to edit the image is not loaded and ACF cannot detect that it is an “image” and when you try the second time the image is loaded, so ACF works. There are no errors that I can see.
You should submit this to support here https://support.advancedcustomfields.com/new-ticket/
