Just wanted to chime in and say that I’m experiencing the same problem.
Like you, I had migrated my theme options content over with backup buddy. I was trying to update an image array field and not touching the URLs, so that really threw me for a loop!
The workaround to change URLs to text fields and add the http:// to the theme output is working and set things back to normal.
Thanks for sharing your findings! It would have taken me forever to come up with that.
