I solved this by first getting the field group and then individually addressing each one:
// Extract the attributes
$atts = shortcode_atts( array( 'src' => '', ), $atts, 'artwork');
// Your PHP code here
$image_url = esc_attr($atts['src']); // sanitize the image URL from the shortcode attribute
$post_id = attachment_url_to_postid($image_url); // get the image post ID from the image URL using the WordPress function
$artwork = get_field('artwork', $post_id); // get artwork field group
$artfile = $artwork['artfile']; // get value of a flag that this is art file media
$title = trim($artwork['art-title']); // get title
$title = trim($title,'"'); // remove quotes
$year = trim($artwork['art-year']); // get year completed
$dimensions = trim($artwork['art-dimensions']); // get dimensions
$medium = trim($artwork['art-medium']); // get medium
$availability = $artwork['art-availability']; // get availability
