I cannot tell you how to do this in elementor.
This is how I would do this in PHP if I have an image field and I also have custom fields attached to the image.
$image_id = get_field('image_field_name', false, false);
// the second argument above is the post ID, set to false for current post
// the 3rd argument tells acf not to format the value and returns the attachment IF
// not you can get value from the image
$value = get_field('some_field_name', $image_id);