Yes, Once you are already inside a loop on a repeater (a flex field is also a repeater) you no longer need to supply a post ID.
if (have_rows('flex-field-name', $post_id)) {
while (have_rows('flex-field-name', $post_id)) {
the_row();
// you no longer need to provide the post ID
// nested repeater
if (have_rows('locations')) {
while (have_rows('locations')) {
the_row();
// etc....
}
}
}
}