Description | Pregnancy Symptoms The first signs and symptoms of pregnancy generally appear three weeks after fertilization, but in some cases the pregnancy already shows signs on the sixth day after conception. Therefore, despite not being common, it is perfectly possible that the woman already has symptoms during the first days of pregnancy. Suspicious signs and symptoms of pregnancy include: اعراض الحمل المبكرة Amenorrhea (lack of menstruation) Nausea and vomiting Breast tingling Breast pain (mastalgia) Frequent and urgent urination Constipation Fatigue Weight gain Importantly, the signs and symptoms of pregnancy are not the same for all women. Furthermore, the same mother can have completely different symptoms between two different pregnancies. The signs of pregnancy can also vary in their intensity, frequency and duration. A period during which the woman and the fetus will experience a series of physical and psychological changes. In this link you will be able to know the evolution week by week. Testing and Follow-up During Pregnancy The first follow-up visit takes place approximately between weeks 8 and 10. At this visit, initial weight and height are assessed. This is a very important visit, as they provide a number of prominent pregnancy tips. During this visit, the first analysis and ultrasound are requested . Low and medium risk pregnancies. Pregnancy control visits are carried out approximately once a month, from the beginning. Weight and blood pressure are checked at each visit. High and very high risk pregnancies. The frequency of visits may be higher and specific tests are requested for each pathology. In each case the doctor indicates which is the most appropriate follow-up. Tests during the first trimester of pregnancy Blood collection tube اعراض الحمل الاكيدة Blood tests. It is carried out between weeks 9 and 10 and is used to know your blood group and Rh factor (ex: A +), detect possible anemia (hemoglobin, red blood cells ...) and study the serologies (your immune status) against some infectious diseases that can affect the fetus. The serologies that are determined in this first analysis are: Toxoplasmosis . It is an infectious disease caused by a protozoan, which in the case of pregnancy can cross the placental barrier and affect the future baby. It is spread from contact with cat feces, by eating raw or undercooked meats contaminated with the parasite and raw vegetables. A very high percentage of women have antibodies or defenses against the parasite because they have already passed it (most without apparent symptoms). The test is carried out in the first analysis and if it is negative it will be repeated in each analysis. Infection can be prevented in more than 60% of cases with a series of hygienic rules: Avoid contact with cat feces. Wash your hands with soap before and after each handling of food. Try not to touch your eyes, nose or mouth with dirty hands. Toxoplasma dies at 72ºC and with freezing at -22ºC for 48 hours. Avoid raw or undercooked meats and sausages such as Serrano ham that have not been cooked or frozen previously. Peel or wash raw vegetables and fruits with food-safe bleach and rinse well. Wash and disinfect utensils and surfaces that have been used in the preparation of food and, regularly, the refrigerator. Wear gloves for gardening and soil handling tasks. Wash your hands next. Rubella . Also called rose or German measles, it is a childhood disease that, if contracted during pregnancy, poses a serious threat to the fetus. It is part of the MMR vaccine that was introduced in the Spanish vaccination calendar in 1981. Pregnant women who are not immune should consider receiving the vaccine after giving birth, to be immunized in possible subsequent pregnancies. Syphilis and AIDS . They are sexually transmitted infections that are transmitted to the fetus and can seriously affect its development. Detecting the disease in the mother allows her to receive treatment and reduces the risk for both. ultrasound Sonography . Between week 12 and 13 of pregnancy, the first ultrasound is performed in which it is possible to detect early some morphological (shape) alterations. Using the embryo measurements, the pregnancy is dated and the probable date of delivery can be specified. In each ultrasound report and image is given ultrasound , if desired. urine analysis Urine culture It is done at week 16 even if you have no symptoms to rule out a possible urinary infection that could affect the fetus. DNA helix Biochemical screening. It is possible to do it in the first trimester, combining analytical data with the ultrasound examination and it allows to assess the risk that the fetus presents the chromosomal alterations of Down syndrome and Edwards syndrome. Amniocentesis, syringe, pregnant If the result is high risk, diagnostic tests are offered: amniocentesis or chorionic biopsy , which are invasive outpatient prenatal diagnostic tests and the result is the complete karyotype of the fetus (chromosome map). Tests during the second trimester of pregnancy ultrasound Second trimester morphological ultrasound . It is done around the 20th week of pregnancy and the state of the organs and structures of the fetus can be observed and assessed; the placenta and the amount of amniotic fluid are also assessed. It is animportant ultrasound because most of the organs are already formed. If a defect is detected in any of the organs, more specific ultrasounds can be ordered. In the hospital, an echocardiogram - aspecific ultrasound of the fetal heart - or a neurosonography - aspecific ultrasound of the cranial structures -can also be performed. Blood collection tube Blood tests . It is carried out on week 25. In addition to other values, data are obtained on Hepatitis B, a sexually transmitted disease or blood contact. If it is present in the maternal blood, after delivery, the baby will be administered a vaccine and gamma globulin before discharge from home. You do not have to be fasting. Pregnant drinking water O'Sullivan test. It is a test used to see how the body reacts to sugar. It consists of drinking a sweet drink and after an hour a blood draw is made. During this hour you have to be seated, without smoking or eating anything, since the values can be altered. If the result is altered, the next step is the Oral Glucose Tolerance Curve, a test that is scheduled for another day. Glass, liquid, envelope Glucose Tolerance Curve . He stays in the hospital for about four hours. To do this test requires special preparation. It consists of a diet rich in carbohydrates, the three previous days. On the day of the test, you must come on an empty stomach; a first blood draw is made and then a concentrated sweet drink is taken. Then three more extractions are made, one hour apart each. In total there are 4 extractions. Therefore, you stay in the hospital for almost four hours, so it is recommended to bring a book or magazine to pass the time. While the test lasts, you must be seated, without smoking or eating anything, since the values of the analyzes may be altered. The results are given by the doctor at the next visit. Antibodies Gamma-globulin Anti-D . If the blood group is negative, Anti-D gamma-globulin is administered around the 28th week of pregnancy. At birth, the baby's blood group is checked and, if positive, a dose of Anti-D gamma-globulin is given again before discharge from the hospital. Tests during the third trimester of pregnancy Blood collection tube Blood tests. It is done around week 32 of pregnancy and the state of coagulation, which is important for delivery, is assessed, among other things. ultrasound Sonography . It is done around the 34th week of gestation and is useful to assess the growth of the fetus, the amount of fluid and the position of the baby. change fetus position external version External version . Procedure that consists of changing the position of the fetus thanks to external manual manipulations to bring it to the cephalic position. It is performed in week 36 of pregnancy for those babies who are in the breech position or others, with the aim of avoiding elective caesarean section. Breech vaginal deliveries are currently not performed. It is done on an outpatient basis, with an ultrasound that guides the entire process and with a cardiotocographic record to monitor the well-being of the fetus at all times. Medication is administered to help the uterus relax during the process. It is not necessary to be fasting for this procedure. bacteria and germs Vaginal and rectal culture. It is carried out around week 36 to detect Streptococcus Agalactia, it is a microorganism that, if it is present in the birth canal, can affect the health of the baby since it is acquired at birth. To avoid this, antibiotics can be administered to the mother on the day of delivery. In case of negative result (there is no presence of the microorganism) the test is repeated at four weeks, if the baby has not yet been born. At the end of pregnancy, they can be performed: Vaginal examination It can be done at the 40-week gestation visit, although it can be done at a previous visit if there is a certain indication, such as suspected amniotic bag rupture. Cardiotocographic record . Known colloquially as straps, it is done around week 40 and consists of placing a belt around the abdomen for about 20 minutes, with sensors connected to a monitor or screen. The device records the fetal heartbeat and contractions, if any. It is repeated at 41 weeks and thereafter every 48-72 hours until delivery. Other tests that can be done during pregnancy Non-invasive prenatal test (fetal DNA in maternal blood) . It is a blood test of the mother's blood that can be done from 10 weeks of gestation to rule out some chromosomal diseases such as Down syndrome or Edwards syndrome. The basic difference with invasive tests (amniocentesis or chorion biopsy) has to do with risk, since in invasive tests there is a small risk of pregnancy loss while with the blood test there is no. The final result is also different, since in the case of invasive tests it is the complete genetic map - all the chromosomes - while with the Harmony, trisomies can only be detected in four of the chromosomes. 3D and 4D ultrasound . An ultrasound 3D is an image of the fetus and fixed volume, ie, threedimensional (3D) and ultrasound 4D is an ultrasound 3D movement, ie an ultrasound realtime 3D. |
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