UPDATE:
I managed to implement a very crude version of what I want to achieve, in case someone else needs it or wants to expand on it.
I hardcoded the file advanced-custom-fields-pro/pro/fields/repeater.php, adding something like
if($i < $lmin) continue;
if($i > $lmax) continue;
around line ~300, in the foreach( $field[‘value’] as $i => $row ) loop.
$lmin and $lmax are URL parameters.
Below the repeater listing I added “pagination” links
<a href="URL[+]&lmin=0&lmax=50>See results 0-50</a>
<a href="URL[+]&lmin=51&lmax=100>See results 51-100</a>
...
I’ll keep looking into ACF’s beautifully written code to see if I can do this more elegantly, maybe without a page refresh.
The bad thing is that these edits will be overwritten if the plugin is upgraded, so if someone can suggest a way to do this without meddling with the plugin code, that would be great.
Some kind of hook like pre_get_posts for $field[‘value’] would be really useful.