Hi @ojrask
The fact that you post_object field is within a repeater should make no difference. Also the location rule should not matter either. You can test this by creating a new post_object field as a root level field in the same field group.
When you edit one of your post_type posts, do you see the correct WP metabox for your taxonomy? Does the Taxonomy appear in the sidebar under your post_type?
Is your taxonomy public?