Update: Found a workaround on https://make.wordpress.org/core/2017/10/31/changed-behaviour-of-esc_sql-in-wordpress-4-8-3/#comment-33136 (adjusted to match my key)
//fix WP 4.8.3 bug with repeater
function my_posts_where( $where ) {
global $wpdb;
$where = str_replace(
"meta_key = 'menu_repeater_%_menu",
"meta_key LIKE 'menu_repeater_%_menu",
$wpdb->remove_placeholder_escape($where)
);
return $where;
}