1) I believe the compare word you are looking for is LIKE
.
2) meta_query
takes nested array, so your code should be like
$query = get_posts(array(
'post_type' => 'post',
'meta_query' => array(
array(
'key' => 'issue',
'value' => '"' . get_the_ID() . '"',
'compare' => 'LIKE'
)
)
));
https://codex.wordpress.org/Class_Reference/WP_Query#Custom_Field_Parameters
Cheers