You need to query all of the locations posts, loop through them and get the values.
$args = array(
'post_type' => 'locations',
'posts_per_page' => -1
)
$query = new WP_Query($args);
$facebook_ids = array();
if ($query->have_posts()) {
while($query->have_post()) {
$query->the_post();
$facebook_ids[] = get_field('facebook_id');
}
wp_reset_postdata()
}
echo implode(',', $facebook_ids);