Shortcodes in acf are only meant for “Basic” field types.
It is possible to show the value of a basic field type in a repeater if you use the correct field name. Here is how repeater fields are stored
"{$repeater}_{$index}_{$sub_field}"
// $repeater = name of the repeater field
// $index = the row, starting at 0
// $sub_field = name of the sub field
