You could create different fields that will be displayed for different conditions, but no, ACF will not sort out those conditions for you, like knowing what page the user was on last and showing the right content. You’d need to figure out how to do that and code it into your templates, and you’d need to have different templates for each level of these pages. Honestly, a better solution would be to simply have different pages. One for engineering under printing and another for engineering under converting, etc.
Your second question is also code related. Anything is possible, but ACF does not provide any functionality beyond managing the content of custom fields in the admin.
