When getting fields from categories (terms) you must supply the correct $post_id value for the ACF function the_field('image', $post_id);
The post_id for a category is "{$taxonomy_name}_{$term_id}"
In this case that means is should look something like 'category_101'
. For more information see the “Get a value from other places” section of this page https://www.advancedcustomfields.com/resources/get_field/