I thought that you only wanted to show the actual values that were used, not all the choices. Sorry, I may have given you a solution that was not what you were looking for.
If you want to do this you can do it with ACF, but like you said in the first post you need to supply a post ID. This can be overcome by using the ID of the first post in the results.
get_field_object('language', $wp_query->posts[0]->ID);
But this will only work if there are results to be shown.
It can also be done using the field key instead of the field name. This is explained in the documentation for get_field_object() http://www.advancedcustomfields.com/resources/get_field_object/
get_field_object('field_1234567890123');
