You can by setting up a Custom Field Group and then for that group set it so the Rules are as follows:
Post Taxonomy, Is Equal to, Then choose your custom taxonomy from the drop down.
If your custom taxonomy doesn’t show in the list, then It could be that the Custom taxonomy isn’t public, or isn’t searchable.
Try changing these options and see if it shows in the list.
Let me know if this helps
Thanks,
Steven Costello
Costello Coding