I am not 100% certain how acf_get_field_groups() works, but I have used it before. If you use the post_id argument
acf_get_field_groups(array('post_id' => '1293'));
and ACF filters the groups returned based on location rules, and the term is assigned to that post, then is should return the group that used when the term is selected.
But again, not 100% certain on that as I do not know if location rules effect the results.
